EVALUATING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A CHARACTER EDUCATION PROGRAM USING THE CIPP MODEL: A CASE STUDY IN AN INDONESIAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Nuraini Nuraini; Bunyamin Bunyamin; Fetrimen Fetrimen

Authors

Nuraini Nuraini Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA
Bunyamin Bunyamin Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA
Fetrimen Fetrimen Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA

Keywords:

program evaluation; character education; CIPP model; elementary school; case study

Abstract

This study evaluates the implementation of the character education program at an Indonesian elementary school that has run for more than five decades without ever being formally evaluated. Using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model, the study aims to determine the alignment of the program with the school vision, the readiness of supporting resources, the consistency of implementation, and the resulting changes in student behavior. A qualitative single-case study design grounded in the constructivist paradigm was employed. Twenty-nine informants across eight purposively selected clusters, comprising the principal, vice-principals, teachers, a counselor, non-teaching staff, parents, and students, were interviewed, observed, and their related documents analyzed. Data were examined using the Miles and Huberman interactive model and verified through triangulation, negative case analysis, and member checking. The findings show that the Context dimension was partially aligned, Input was reasonably prepared, Process was reasonably effective, and Product was partially aligned. The program's strength lies in consistent daily habituation and teachers' exemplary conduct, while its weakness concentrates on formal documentation, namely unstandardized attitude-assessment rubrics and a school-family partnership that remains underdeveloped. The school's character culture has grown faster than its documentation and measurement systems, indicating that the program should be continued with targeted improvements rather than discontinued.

References

Astuti, U. W. (2024). Evaluation of character education program at SDN Tanjung Duren Utara 02 Jakarta. Jurnal Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, 7(2), 999–1004. https://doi.org/10.22236/jkpuhamka.v7i2.18229

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2025). Statistik kriminal 2024/2025. Badan Pusat Statistik.

Bates, A. (2019). Character education and the 'priority of recognition'. Cambridge Journal of Education, 49(6), 695–710. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2019.1590537

Berkowitz, M. W., & Bier, M. C. (2007). What works in character education. Journal of Research in Character Education, 5(1), 29–48.

Birhan, W., Shiferaw, G., Amsalu, A., Tamiru, M., & Tiruye, H. (2021). Exploring the context of teaching character education to children in preprimary and primary schools. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 4(1), 100171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100171

Brown, M., McGrath, R. E., Bier, M. C., Johnson, K., & Berkowitz, M. W. (2023). A comprehensive meta-analysis of character education programs. Journal of Moral Education, 52(2), 119–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2022.2060196

Bryson, J. M. (2018). Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Christanti, M. S. O., & Kusuma, D. (2025). Evaluation of Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project implementation in elementary school grade 1 using the CIPP model. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 4(4), 2036–2048. https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v4i4.2026

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Dwi W., Y. R., Haryono, & Florentinus, T. S. (2018). The evaluation of the CIPP model in the implementation of character education at junior high school. Innovative Journal of Curriculum and Educational Technology, 7(2), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcet.v7i2.28391

Gasper, D. (2000). Evaluating the "logical framework approach" towards learning-oriented development evaluation. Public Administration and Development, 20(1), 17–28.

Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105–117). SAGE Publications.

Heidari, M. H., Nowrozi, R. A., & Ahmadpoor, P. (2016). Recognition and applying character education approaches in schools. Review of European Studies, 8(3), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n3p125

Lestari, E. (2022). Evaluation of character education programs. Jurnal Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, 5(2), 747–751. https://doi.org/10.22236/jpkuhamka.v5i2.11218

Lickona, T. (1991). Educating for character: How our schools can teach respect and responsibility. Bantam Books.

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.

Metcalfe, J., & Moulin-Stozek, D. (2020). Religious education teachers' perspectives on character education. British Journal of Religious Education, 43(3), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2020.1732868

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Murdiono, M., Miftahuddin, M., & Kuncorowati, P. W. (2017). The education of the national character of Pancasila in secondary school based on pesantren. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 36(3), 423–434. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v36i3.15399

Oldham, P., & McLoughlin, S. (2026). Character education empirical research: A thematic review and comparative content analysis. Journal of Moral Education, 55(2), 313–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2025.2480185

Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 20 Tahun 2018 tentang Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter pada Satuan Pendidikan Formal.

Peraturan Presiden Nomor 87 Tahun 2017 tentang Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter.

Pusat Informasi Kriminal Nasional Bareskrim Polri. (2025). Data anak sebagai terlapor tindak kejahatan [Data accessed 20 February 2025].

Putri, D. A. A., & Sanoto, H. (2025). Evaluating 5S cultural program for character education. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 4(4), 2753–2763. https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v4i4.1875

Qibtiyah, S., Ulfa, R. T., Masruhi, S., & Irawan, G. B. (2026). Evaluation of the implementation of character education based on national values using the CIPP model in elementary schools. Journal of Educational Review and Research, 9(1), 65–76.

Salirawati, D. (2021). Identifikasi problematika evaluasi pendidikan karakter di sekolah [Identifying problems in character education evaluation at school]. Jurnal Sains dan Edukasi Sains, 4(1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.24246/juses.v4i1p17-27

Sidik, P. (2024). Character education and the crisis of national role models. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpka.v15i2.73676

Stufflebeam, D. L., & Zhang, G. (2017). The CIPP evaluation model: How to evaluate for improvement and accountability. The Guilford Press.

Sugiyono. (2023). Metode penelitian kombinasi (mixed methods) dengan 9 desain (2nd ed.). Alfabeta.

Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional.

Wholey, J. S., Hatry, H. P., & Newcomer, K. E. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of practical program evaluation (3rd ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Woenardi, T. N., Supratno, H., & Mudjito. (2022). Management of Christian character education curriculum based on dormitory Abdi-Allah Theological College Trawas-Mojokerto. Studies in Learning and Teaching, 3(1), 74–96.

Yarbrough, D. B., Shulha, L. M., Hopson, R. K., & Caruthers, F. A. (2010). The program evaluation standards: A guide for evaluators and evaluation users (3rd ed.). Corwin Press.

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Zakso, A., Agung, I., Sofyatinngrum, E., & Capnary, M. C. (2022). Factors affecting character education in the development of the profile of Pancasila students: The case of Indonesia. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(2), 2254–2273.

Zhao, H., Gootjes, D. C., & Gong, F. (2024). A CIPP-based evaluation index system for moral cultivation in blended learning courses for vocational colleges in China. International Journal of New Developments in Education, 6(8), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.25236/IJNDE.2024.060810